{"id":1267,"date":"2017-10-19T18:53:20","date_gmt":"2017-10-19T16:53:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/?p=1267"},"modified":"2017-10-27T21:08:30","modified_gmt":"2017-10-27T19:08:30","slug":"druhy-pitvaros","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/?p=1267","title":{"rendered":"Druh\u00fd Pitvaro\u0161"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pitvaro\u0161 v\u00a0minulosti vyzeral inak ako ho pozn\u00e1me dnes. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd Pitvaro\u0161 zvykne by\u0165 ozna\u010dovan\u00fd a\u017e ako tret\u00ed Pitvaro\u0161. J\u00e1n Hronec<\/strong> (1873-1965) vo svojom rukopise uv\u00e1dza hist\u00f3riu prv\u00e9ho Pitvaro\u0161a<\/strong> nasledovne: \u201eMeno Pitvaro\u0161 od koho pochod\u00ed, skade a\u00a0po \u010dom, to sa nevie. P\u00edsali u\u017e viacer\u00ed pisatelia, ale ka\u017ed\u00fd len s\u00a0t\u00fdm skon\u010dil, \u017ee meno Pitvaro\u0161 skade pochod\u00ed to sa nevie.\u00a0 To\u013eko je ist\u00e9, \u017ee Pitvaro\u0161 bola jeden ve\u013ek\u00e1 pustatina a\u00a0menovala sa aj komorsk\u00e1. Jesto pozn\u00e1mka, \u017ee Pitvaro\u0161 dedina bola predt\u00fdm d\u00e1vnej\u0161ie lebo stopa jesto od teraj\u0161ej dediny dva kilometre na z\u00e1pad a\u00a0medzi sever (do Sirbika koncom) tam aj teraz ke\u010f ro\u013en\u00edk orie vyor\u00e1va v\u0161elijak\u00e9 pozostatky: tehly, hrnce a\u00a0tomu podobn\u00e9 veci. Ako sa povr\u00e1valo, \u017ee prv\u00e1 dedina tam bola, \u017ee tam b\u00fdvali Ma\u010fari, ale kedy sa zakladala, skade sa pris\u0165ahovali t\u00ed Ma\u010fari a kedy sa stade rozi\u0161li, len stopa jesto, \u017ee tam bola dedina, ale v\u00a0kerom roku sa rozi\u0161li s\u00a0toho istvo ninto. Tento prv\u00fd Pitvaro\u0161 o\u00a0kerom sa p\u00ed\u0161e, mohol by\u0165 zni\u010den\u00fd, ke\u010f Turci pusto\u0161ili, lebo stopa jesto, \u017ee tu boli Turci, tam bydleli. Ni \u010faleko od Pitvaro\u0161a v\u00a0makovskom chot\u00e1re e\u0161te v\u017edy stoj\u00ed kostolisko, tam bol Tureck\u00fd kostol, e\u0161te stoja m\u00fary a\u00a0to makov\u010dania ochra\u0148uj\u00fa, od Pitvaro\u0161a asi 5-6 km. Tak je istej\u0161ie, \u017ee prv\u00fd Pitvaro\u0161 Turci zni\u010dili a\u00a0to mohla by\u0165 najstar\u0161ia dedina tu, lebo Mez\u0151hegyes je zakladan\u00fd v\u00a0roku 1421 ale aj ten je u\u017e z\u00a0pitvaro\u0161skej pustatiny vymeran\u00fd. Tak prv\u00fd Pitvaro\u0161 mohol by\u0165 zakladan\u00fd e\u0161te pred Mez\u0151hegyesom, teda pred rokom 1421.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Pitvaro\u0161sk\u00e1 pusta v prvom vojenskom mapovan\u00ed Uhorska (1763-1787)<\/p>\n

Druh\u00fd Pitvaro\u0161<\/strong> vznikol v\u00a0poslednej etape os\u00edd\u013eovania Dolnej zeme, a\u00a0to na majetku kr\u00e1\u013eovskej komory. Zalo\u017eilo ju v\u00a0marci v\u00a0roku 1816 175 slovensk\u00fdch rod\u00edn z\u00a0Nadlaku. V autentickom rukopise J\u00e1na Hronca<\/strong> nach\u00e1dzame o druhom Pitvaro\u0161i nasledovn\u00e9: \u201e<\/em>Druh\u00fd Pitvaro\u0161 sa zakladal, ako spisy dosved\u010duj\u00fa, v\u00a0roku 1814-15. Zakladali ho Slov\u00e1ci, ke\u010f Jozef II. cis\u00e1r bol na Mez\u0151hedesi, star\u00fd Gemeri bol roden\u00fd Nemec z\u00a0Dob\u0161inej, tak i\u0161iel na Mez\u0151hegyes pred Jozefa II. cis\u00e1ra, v\u00a0nemeckej re\u010di ho prosil pok\u013ea\u010diaci, aby dost\u00e1li zem na obr\u00e1banie to jest pitvaro\u0161sk\u00fa pustatinu, ale cis\u00e1r tejto Gemeriho \u017eiadosti nevyhovel a\u00a0miesto pitvaro\u0161skej d\u00e1val vo\u013e\u00e1ku basar\u0161sk\u00fa pustatinu. T\u00e1to, od cis\u00e1ra pon\u00fakan\u00e1 pustatina nebola k\u00a0v\u00f4li \u013eudu a\u00a0star\u00fd Gemeri poznovu i\u0161iel cis\u00e1rovi k\u013ea\u010diaci prosi\u0165 aby vyhovel \u013eudu, Slov\u00e1kom, aby dal t\u00fa zem o\u00a0ker\u00fa oni prosia. Tak\u017ee cis\u00e1r aj vyhovel \u017eiadosti. Aj to dal na papieri. Gemeri toto rozpr\u00e1val medzi \u013eudom, \u010do je vo veci a\u00a0dal na z\u00e1klade tomto Imrich Raks\u00e1nyi nadlack\u00fd u\u010dite\u013e a\u00a0Martin Stratinsk\u00fd tie\u017e obyvate\u013e nadlack\u00fd, ale aj Gemeri musel by\u0165 Nadla\u010dan v\u00a0ten \u010das, tak pekne sa vystrojili k\u00a0cis\u00e1rovi prosi\u0165 o\u00a0pitvaro\u0161sk\u00fa pustatinu, ale\u00a0 Gemerimu ani ch\u00fdrom nedali. T\u00e1to pitvaro\u0161sk\u00e1 pustatina sa \u0165ahala od makovsk\u00e9ho chot\u00e1ra a\u017e po K\u00e9tegyh\u00e1zszky,\u00a0 tak\u017ee na tejto pustatine ve\u013ea dediny s\u00fa postaven\u00e9. Ke\u010f ho pitvaro\u0161ania dost\u00e1li, tak sa \u0165ahal od juhu od palotskiho a\u00a0nadlackiho chot\u00e1ra a\u017e po komlou\u0161sky, tam po sam\u00fa dedinu. Menoval sa Kis Komlou\u0161 viac ako 100 jujerov zemi komlou\u0161skej. Bal\u00e1\u017eik, richt\u00e1r pitvaro\u0161sk\u00fd, ho predal. Teraz je tam pasienok komlou\u0161anov. D\u013a\u017eka pitvaro\u0161sk\u00e9ho chot\u00e1ru \u010dinila aspo\u0148 12 kilometrov, \u0161\u00edrka od makovskiho chot\u00e1ra zo z\u00e1padu \u0165ahal sa na v\u00fdchod po Mez\u0151hegyesszk\u00ed chot\u00e1r, \u010dinila 7-8 kilometrov. Takto st\u00e1l prv\u00fd pitvaro\u0161sk\u00fd chot\u00e1r.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tu na tejto zemi boli len pas\u00e1ci, tu vyp\u00e1sali\u00a0 p\u00e9\u010dkania a\u00a0nadla\u010dania svoje statky, viac stud\u0148ov nakopali p\u00e9\u010dkania po chot\u00e1re, tak\u017ee aj dnes je z\u00a0nich nieko\u013eko. <\/em><\/p>\n

O\u00a0tom, \u017ee sa osada r\u00fdchlo rozv\u00edjala sved\u010d\u00ed nasledovn\u00e1 \u0161tatistika:<\/p>\n

Po uzavret\u00ed zmluvy v\u00a0roku 1816 \u017eilo na pitvaro\u0161skej pustatine 175 rod\u00edn. Do roku 1830 po\u010det obyvate\u013eov vzr\u00e1stol na 1280. Okolo roku 1820 chovali na Pitvaro\u0161i 154 volov, 203 dojn\u00edc, 170 jalov\u00edc, 155 teliat, 638 kon\u00ed a\u00a0414 o\u0161\u00edpan\u00fdch (Zdroj: Brnula, M.: Pitvaro\u0161sk\u00e1 kronika)<\/p>\n

Ako v\u0161ak vyzeral druh\u00fd Pitvaro\u0161? Op\u00e4\u0165 n\u00e1m pom\u00f4\u017eu rukopisy zn\u00e1mych pitvaro\u0161sk\u00fdch autorov.<\/p>\n

J\u00e1n Hronec<\/strong> vo svojom rukopise uv\u00e1dza spomienky potomkov prv\u00fdch osadn\u00edkov nasledovne: \u201eDruh\u00fd Pitvaro\u0161 dedinu zakladali od teraj\u0161ej na z\u00e1pad sa os\u00e1dzali ale 1 km. Tam jamy kopali do zemi, to boli ich pr\u00edbytky, lebo bolo \u010faleko chodi\u0165 domov. Tak si tam robili pr\u00edbytky aj pre statok a\u00a0to bolo v\u0161etko v\u00a0zemi, strechy nemali. Najviac nepr\u00edjemnost\u00ed boli so statkom, ke\u010f sa obecn\u00fd b\u00fdk vyslobodil, ten pobehal aj de \u013eudia b\u00fdvali, tak\u017ee sa aj prepadol na \u013eud\u00ed. Teraz je tam pasienok, enu \u010diastku u\u017e aj or\u00fa a\u00a0stopa je kde bol druh\u00fd Pitvaro\u0161 dedina aj ulice ako boli. T\u00e1to dedina dos\u0165 na ve\u013ekom priestore st\u00e1la.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Michal Brnu\u013ea<\/strong> v\u00a0publik\u00e1cii Pitvaro\u0161sk\u00e1 kronika opisuje druh\u00fd Pitvaro\u0161 slovami: \u201eV\u00a0\u010dase os\u00eddlenia n\u00e1jomn\u00edkov mala dedina len jednu ulicu. Osadn\u00edci stavali domy na miestach, ktor\u00e9 si samy vybrali. Boli medzi nimi aj zemnice pokryt\u00e9 trstinou, kore\u0148mi a\u00a0ra\u017ed\u00edm a\u00a0omietnut\u00e9 blatom. Aj domky stavan\u00e9 nad zemou mali mimoriadne mal\u00e9 rozmery, v\u0161eobecne b\u00fdvalo len jedno okienko. Vchodov\u00e9 dvere si robili sami. V\u00a0izb\u00e1ch m\u00e1vali st\u00f4l, nieko\u013eko stoli\u010diek a\u00a0pri\u010dne. Boli v\u0161ak aj tak\u00e9 izby, kde sa sp\u00e1valo na slame.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Michal Hud\u00e1k<\/strong> vo svojom rukopise o\u00a0druhom Pitvaro\u0161i p\u00ed\u0161e nasledovn\u00e9: \u201eT\u00fdch 175 rod\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 v\u00a0roku 1816 pres\u0165ahovali na pitvaro\u0161sk\u00fa pustatinu, a\u00a0tak zalo\u017eili druh\u00fa obec Pitvaro\u0161, spo\u010diatku pravdepodobne aspo\u0148 t\u00fd\u017edenne doch\u00e1dzali domov do Nadlaku. Ur\u010dite sa vybrali sem na jar, ke\u010f za\u010d\u00ednali po\u013en\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce. Bolo to 1.marca 1816. V\u00a0jeseni predo\u0161l\u00e9ho roku zorali role a\u00a0zasiali oziminy (\u017eito), a\u00a0tak spom\u00ednan\u00e9ho roku na jar pri\u0161li sem na pustatinu. No aj tak si museli zhotovi\u0165 aspo\u0148 do\u010dasn\u00e9 miesto na odpo\u010dinok po pr\u00e1ci, z\u00e1chytku pred nocou, da\u017e\u010fom a\u00a0div\u00fdmi zvermi. Za t\u00fdmto \u00fa\u010delom si vyh\u013abili do zeme jamy na v\u0155\u0161kovitom ter\u00e9ne juhoz\u00e1padne od dne\u0161nej obce. Tieto zem\u013eanky boli chudobn\u00e9 a\u00a0nemohli by\u0165 ve\u013emi hlbok\u00e9, lebo po\u010das da\u017ediv\u00e9ho po\u010dasia aj tak im natiekla voda do nich. Strechy nad t\u00fdmito jamami tvorila hrub\u00e1 vrstva slamy, ra\u017edia, pr\u00edpadne vyschnutej buriny. Strechy nad zemsk\u00fdm povrchom dosahovali iste nepatrn\u00fa a\u017e miziv\u00fa v\u00fd\u0161ku vari sotva 1,5 metra. Za\u010diatky \u017eivota v\u00a0pustatine veru isto neboli \u013eahk\u00e9 ani radostn\u00e9. Nevieme si dnes ani predstavi\u0165 z\u00a0ak\u00fdch pohn\u00fatok nechali tam Nadlak. V\u00a0Nadlaku mali aspo\u0148 vyb\u00edjan\u00e9 domy nad zemou, alebo murovan\u00e9. Najviac nepr\u00edjemnost\u00ed bolo so statkom, ke\u010f sa napr. obecn\u00fd b\u00fdk vyslobodil, ten pobehal aj tam, kde \u013eudia b\u00fdvali, tak\u017ee sa neraz prepadol do nich. Teraz je tam obecn\u00fd pasienok. T\u00e1to dedina sa rozprestierala dos\u0165 na ve\u013ekom priestore, asi na takom, ako je edom fert\u00e1\u013e neskaj\u0161ej obce. Obyvatelia zemn\u00edc mali pravdepodobne ve\u013emi jednoduch\u00fd n\u00e1bytok, ak sa t\u00fdm mohol, aj naz\u00fdva\u0165. Bol ve\u013emi skromn\u00fd, pozost\u00e1vaj\u00faci z\u00a0nejakej men\u0161ej kasne, l\u00e1dy, postele alebo lep\u0161ie povedan\u00e9 pri\u010dne posp\u00e1janej vari aj z\u00a0neohob\u013eovan\u00fdch dos\u00e1k, alebo sp\u00e1vali na slame rozprestretej na zemi. Ur\u010dite nebola tu \u017eiadna slas\u0165 b\u00fdva\u0165, ani nijak\u00fd prepych. Ale museli vydr\u017ea\u0165, lebo boli skromn\u00ed a\u00a0nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00ed. Ale p\u00e1r rokov po os\u00eddlen\u00ed pustatiny a\u00a0s\u00edce u\u017e 22.j\u00fana 1826 sa nadlack\u00ed \u017eeliari usaden\u00ed na Pitvaro\u0161i \u017ealuj\u00fa, \u017ee vystavan\u00e9 im pr\u00edbytky a\u00a0\u010di zemnice, p\u00e9cskansk\u00fd cis\u00e1rsky komorn\u00edk p\u00e1n Komeral chce da\u0165 spusto\u0161i\u0165. S\u00fa\u010dasne \u017eiadaj\u00fa komoru, aby tieto, k\u00fdm zem na Pitvaro\u0161i prenaj\u00edmaj\u00fa, ob\u00fdva\u0165 mohli. Ke\u010f\u017ee tendencia zo strany er\u00e1ru bola tak\u00e1, \u017ee si mali \u017eeliari postavi\u0165 nov\u00e9, riadne domy na povrchu zeme, za\u010dali pomaly tieto aj stava\u0165 a\u00a0budova\u0165 u\u017e v\u00a0nasleduj\u00facich rokoch po roku 1826. Pomaly kl\u00e1dli z\u00e1klady dne\u0161nej tretej dediny Pitvaro\u0161<\/strong>. Zakladali ju na v\u00fdchod od starej dediny so zemnicami a\u00a0\u0165ah\u00e1 sa na sever. T\u00e1 dedina, v\u00a0ktorej b\u00fdvali v\u00a0zemniciach, dostala meno star\u00e1 dedina a\u00a0tak aj porty bl\u00edzko nej (na Malej ulici) sa dodnes takto volaj\u00fa.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Z\u00a0prame\u0148ov sa dozved\u00e1me, \u017ee tzv. druh\u00fd Pitvaro\u0161<\/strong> bol tvoren\u00fd zemnicami, ktor\u00e9 boli usporiadan\u00e9 do jednej ulice. Presn\u00e1 podoba zemn\u00edc a\u00a0usporiadanie domov sa v\u0161ak nedochovalo na \u017eiadnom n\u00e1krese alebo v mape. M\u00f4\u017eeme sa teda len domnieva\u0165 ako asi mohli vyzera\u0165, resp. ako boli rozmiestnen\u00e9. Pri vizu\u00e1lnej podobe zemn\u00edc sme vych\u00e1dzali z\u00a0pod\u00f4b zemn\u00edc uveden\u00fdch v\u00a0ma\u010farskej literat\u00fare (ma\u010f. putrih\u00e1z\/veremh\u00e1z) ak\u00e9 sme na\u0161li na internete a\u00a0prisp\u00f4sobili sme ich opisom, ktor\u00fd uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v\u00a0svojich rukopisoch Pitvaro\u0161ania. Autorom po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovej vizualiz\u00e1cie pravdepodobnej podoby druh\u00e9ho Pitvaro\u0161a a\u00a0zemn\u00edc je Michal Ko\u017euch.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Pravdepodobn\u00e1 poloha druh\u00e9ho Pitvaro\u0161a (v \u010dervenom r\u00e1m\u010deku)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Zemnice na dobov\u00fdch fotografi\u00e1ch (Zdroj: internet)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Vizualiz\u00e1cia pravdepodobnej podoby druh\u00e9ho Pitvaro\u0161a a\u00a0zemn\u00edc osadn\u00edkov<\/strong><\/p>\n

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plag\u00e1t na stiahnutie<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pitvaro\u0161 v\u00a0minulosti vyzeral inak ako ho pozn\u00e1me dnes. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd Pitvaro\u0161 zvykne by\u0165 ozna\u010dovan\u00fd a\u017e ako tret\u00ed Pitvaro\u0161. J\u00e1n Hronec (1873-1965) vo svojom rukopise uv\u00e1dza hist\u00f3riu prv\u00e9ho Pitvaro\u0161a nasledovne: \u201eMeno Pitvaro\u0161 od koho pochod\u00ed, skade a\u00a0po \u010dom, to sa nevie. P\u00edsali u\u017e viacer\u00ed pisatelia, ale ka\u017ed\u00fd len s\u00a0t\u00fdm skon\u010dil, \u017ee meno Pitvaro\u0161 skade pochod\u00ed to sa Pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 viac o Druh\u00fd Pitvaro\u0161<\/span>[…]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1291,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1267","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clanky","category-pitvaros"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/zem01.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1267","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1267"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1267\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1299,"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1267\/revisions\/1299"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1291"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1267"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1267"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1267"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}