{"id":1325,"date":"2017-11-11T22:57:28","date_gmt":"2017-11-11T21:57:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/?p=1325"},"modified":"2017-11-26T21:17:23","modified_gmt":"2017-11-26T20:17:23","slug":"kraviari-na-pitvarosi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/?p=1325","title":{"rendered":"Kraviari na Pitvaro\u0161i"},"content":{"rendered":"

Na Pitvaro\u0161i bolo pred druhou svetovou vojnou 200 a\u017e 300 kr\u00e1v a 4 b\u00fdci (jedovit\u00fd \u010euri, Ferko, Bandy a Fero). Najviac kr\u00e1v mal Franti\u0161ek Em\u0151dy z mlyna – 5. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina v\u0161ak mala len jednu kravu a takmer polovica Pitvaro\u0161anov bola bez kravy. Kravy sa chovali nielen kv\u00f4li m\u00e4su a mlieku, ale aj kv\u00f4li hnoju. Hnoj vozili na pole v zime (vo febru\u00e1ri) na saniach. Kravy p\u00e1sli kraviari. Michal Hronec spolu so svojim otcom a s\u00farodencami p\u00e1sol kravy v rokoch 1938, 1939, 1940, 1942 a 1943. Pred nimi bol kraviarom nieko\u013eko rokov Juraj Valach. V rokoch 1941, 1944,1945,1946 a 1947 p\u00e1sli spolu \u0160tefan Zelman, Michal Hronec a J\u00e1n Glemba.<\/p>\n

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Stajne b\u00fdkov v obecnom dome<\/em><\/p>\n

Kraviarov volili rovnako ako obecn\u00fdch \u010dejsov. \u013dudia sa zi\u0161li v obecnom dome, v pr\u00e1vnej chi\u017ei. Volili ich pred nov\u00fdm rokom, hlasovan\u00edm. Kraviari dost\u00e1vali \u201ekraviarske listy“ – ka\u017ed\u00fd majite\u013e kravy ho doniesol kraviarovi. Boli na \u0148om po\u010dty a typ kr\u00e1v. Ten nesk\u00f4r odovzdali do obecn\u00e9ho domu, preto\u017ee u\u017e po t\u00fd\u017edni poznali v\u0161etky kravy. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 mala svoje meno (Straka, \u017dofa, R\u00f3\u017ea, Borca, Jul\u010da) a na\u0148ho po\u010d\u00favala. Vlastn\u00edk kravy platil da\u0148 obecn\u00e9mu domu. Platilo sa, aj ke\u010f bola te\u013en\u00e1 krava, alebo ke\u010f bol b\u00fdk pripusten\u00fd na kravu. Kraviari dost\u00e1vali pl\u00e1cu od \u013eud\u00ed. Chodili ju vybera\u0165 z domu do domu, raz do roka, oby\u010dajne na Tur\u00edce. Bolo to pribli\u017ene 1 peng\u0151 za kus alebo 5 litrov obilia na kravu. Na 1 kravu dost\u00e1vali aj slaninu, chlieb a b\u00f4b. Namiesto chleba podaktor\u00ed d\u00e1vali m\u00faku. Apovka Hronec chodili po Pitvaro\u0161i na ko\u010di a zbierali obilia. Nechali si to\u013eko, ko\u013eko potrebovali a zbytok predali N\u00e9belovi, \u017eidovi z mlyna. Pl\u00e1cu zbierala mamovka Hroncov\u00e1. Vyberali po dva dni, lebo za jeden de\u0148 sa to stihn\u00fa\u0165 nedalo. Ak niekto nemal \u010d\u00edm zaplati\u0165, splatil to nesk\u00f4r.<\/p>\n

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Pitvaro\u0161sk\u00ed kraviari na pa\u017eiti (po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 vizualiz\u00e1cia)<\/em><\/p>\n

P\u00e1s\u0165 kravy sa za\u010d\u00ednalo 1. m\u00e1ja. Na pastvu sa vyh\u00e1\u0148alo ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148, aj v da\u017edi. P\u00e1slo sa a\u017e do Martina, 11. novembra. Ke\u010f u\u017e boli bik\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie, nechodili von a boli zavret\u00e9 v ohrade, v obecnom dome\u00a0 na Kostolnej ulici. R\u00e1no kraviari pukali karik\u00e1\u0161om<\/em>, aby \u013eudia vedeli, \u017ee id\u00fa, a aby z domu vyhnali svoje kravy. Predt\u00fdm ich bolo treba napoji\u0165, u\u010desa\u0165 a umy\u0165 chvost (aby sa neza\u0161pinilo mlieko, ke\u010f n\u00edm kr\u00fatili). Kravy sa dojili r\u00e1no a ve\u010der. P\u00e1s\u0165 sa za\u010d\u00ednalo r\u00e1no o \u0161iestej, so skracovan\u00edm dn\u00ed sa chodievalo nesk\u00f4r. P\u00e1slo sa do \u0161iestej. Kravy sa p\u00e1sli na kravskej pa\u017eiti (rozprestierala sa z\u00e1padne od Pitvaro\u0161a a ju\u017ene od cesty na Albert). Kravsk\u00e1 pa\u017ei\u0165 bola aj miestom, kde sa Pitvaro\u0161ania \u010dasto a radi fotografovali, a kde sa hr\u00e1vali aj deti. Bol to vo\u013en\u00fd tr\u00e1vnat\u00fd priestor, v pozad\u00ed zo z\u00e1stavby domov a stromov sa vyp\u00ednala ve\u017ea – t\u00far\u0148a<\/em> kostola. Po pokosen\u00ed obilia sa p\u00e1slo aj na strnisk\u00e1ch. Chudobnej\u0161\u00ed \u013eudia chodievali na pa\u017ei\u0165 zbiera\u0165 kravsk\u00fd trus na k\u00farenie – ganaj<\/em>. Dreva bolo m\u00e1lo, \u0161\u00fa\u013ekami a \u010dutkami <\/em>sa k\u00farilo v kutke<\/em>, pri varen\u00ed a pe\u010den\u00ed. S ganajom<\/em> k\u00farili v kutk\u00e1ch<\/em>, ke\u010f vyv\u00e1rali pl\u00e1tno.<\/p>\n

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Vyh\u00e1\u0148anie kr\u00e1v na ulicu (po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 vizualiz\u00e1cia)<\/em><\/p>\n

Kraviari pre\u0161li ulicami a pred cintor\u00ednom po\u010dkali na ostatn\u00e9 kravy. Na okrajoch st\u00e1da museli merkova\u0165, aby kravy nezr\u00fatili m\u00fariky z\u00e1hrad alebo aby nezbehli do obilia. Pri pasen\u00ed im pom\u00e1hali psi. Ke\u010f pes \u0161tekal na kravu spredu, krava tam mala rohy, neb\u00e1la sa tak, ako ke\u010f na \u0148u \u0161tekal zozadu. Psi boli dobre vycvi\u010den\u00e9. Po zhroma\u017eden\u00ed v\u0161etk\u00fdch kr\u00e1v, \u0161lo st\u00e1do na kravsk\u00fa pa\u017ei\u0165. Na pa\u017eiti \u017erali tr\u00e1vu. Stravovanie kraviarov bolo skromn\u00e9. R\u00e1no jedli slaninu a polievku, ve\u010der mali tie\u017e len poljovku<\/em>. Ak p\u00e1sli bl\u00edzko s\u00e1la\u0161ov, ob\u010das na\u0161li vaj\u00ed\u010dka sliepok. Obedy nosievala Hroncovcom mamovka v ko\u0161\u00edku aj dva kilometre pe\u0161o. Obed bol okolo dvan\u00e1stej hodiny. V kanvi\u010dke bola poljovka<\/em>, v ko\u0161\u00edku taniere, ly\u017eice, voda v kante a chlieb hrub\u00fd aj na tri prsty. Pri pasen\u00ed kraviari merkovali<\/em> na kravy a d\u00e1vali pozor aj na to, aby sa \u0165evn\u00e1<\/em> krava neotelila. Vo\u013en\u00e9 chv\u00edle si kr\u00e1tili rozpr\u00e1van\u00edm s \u013eu\u010fmi, ktor\u00ed i\u0161li okolo, alebo s t\u00fdmi, \u010do robili na roli. Po napojen\u00ed kr\u00e1v sa i\u0161lo sp\u00e4\u0165 do obce. \u0160lo sa dvoma smermi: po Medzovskej ceste a po Kostolnej ulici. Zastavili sa pri Malej, Ve\u013ekej a Tretej ulici, kde sa kravy sam\u00e9 oddelili a i\u0161li domov. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 vedela, kam m\u00e1 \u00eds\u0165 a pred domom zahu\u010dala. Niekedy sa stalo, \u017ee sa krava zat\u00falala. Ak gazdovi krava nepri\u0161la domov, kraviari ju museli h\u013eada\u0165.<\/p>\n

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Kravy na kravskej pa\u017eiti (po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 vizualiz\u00e1cia)<\/em><\/p>\n

Pasenie kr\u00e1v na pa\u017eiti na Pitvaro\u0161i postupne zanikalo po kolektiviz\u00e1cii v roku 1948. T\u00fdm z Pitvaro\u0161a odi\u0161la \u010fal\u0161ia \u010das\u0165 jeho dlhoro\u010dn\u00e9ho koloritu.<\/p>\n


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Kravsk\u00e1 pa\u017ei\u0165 v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti<\/em><\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong> Pitvaro\u0161 a\u00a0Pitvaro\u0161ania (2007,2008)<\/p>\n

Fotografie<\/strong>: Michal Hronec, Em\u00edlia Leg\u00edni, Juraj Majo<\/p>\n

Autor textu a\u00a0po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch vizualiz\u00e1ci\u00ed:<\/strong> Michal Ko\u017euch<\/p>\n

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Karta na stiahnutie<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Na Pitvaro\u0161i bolo pred druhou svetovou vojnou 200 a\u017e 300 kr\u00e1v a 4 b\u00fdci (jedovit\u00fd \u010euri, Ferko, Bandy a Fero). Najviac kr\u00e1v mal Franti\u0161ek Em\u0151dy z mlyna – 5. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina v\u0161ak mala len jednu kravu a takmer polovica Pitvaro\u0161anov bola bez kravy. Kravy sa chovali nielen kv\u00f4li m\u00e4su a mlieku, ale aj kv\u00f4li hnoju. Hnoj Pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 viac o Kraviari na Pitvaro\u0161i<\/span>[…]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1335,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1325","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clanky"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/kraviari-titulka.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1325","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1325"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1325\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1362,"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1325\/revisions\/1362"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1335"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1325"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1325"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1325"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}