{"id":1813,"date":"2019-05-01T07:00:26","date_gmt":"2019-05-01T05:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/?p=1813"},"modified":"2019-04-30T13:43:37","modified_gmt":"2019-04-30T11:43:37","slug":"stavanie-maja-na-pitvarosi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/?p=1813","title":{"rendered":"Stavanie m\u00e1ja na Pitvaro\u0161i"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vznik trad\u00edcie stavania m\u00e1ja<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00e1j bol mlad\u00fd strom\u010dek, naj\u010dastej\u0161ie smrekov\u00fd, jed\u013eov\u00fd alebo brezov\u00fd, ktor\u00fd mal symbolick\u00fd v\u00fdznam a bol v\u00fdrazom pr\u00edrodn\u00e9ho m\u00fdtu o boji zimy s\u00a0jarou a smrti so \u017eivotom. M\u00e1jov\u00e1 zele\u0148 bola symbolom sily a dobr\u00e9ho rastu. Najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ie postavenie medzi rastlinami mal vo zvykoch strom, ktor\u00fd sa v tejto s\u00favislosti ozna\u010doval ako m\u00e1j. M\u00e1je boli zn\u00e1me u\u017e v obdob\u00ed staroveku, kedy ich \u013eudia d\u00e1vali pred svoje domy ako ochranu pred zl\u00fdmi duchmi a chorobami. Strom\u010dek, ozdoben\u00fd na sp\u00f4sob m\u00e1jov\u00e9ho stromu d\u00e1vaj\u00fa i\u00a0dnes na dom vo v\u00fdstavbe, ke\u010f dokon\u010dia stavanie stien. Od tejto my\u0161lienky sa m\u00e1jov\u00e1 trad\u00edcia prirodzene vyvinula do podoby, v akej ju pozn\u00e1me. V\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edm a\u00a0najpou\u017e\u00edvanej\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u010delom stavania m\u00e1ja prejav n\u00e1klonnosti ml\u00e1denca k\u00a0svojej milej. M\u00e1jov\u00e9 trad\u00edcie sa l\u00ed\u0161ili od regi\u00f3nu k\u00a0regi\u00f3nu, rozdiely boli aj medzi obcami na Dolnej zemi. Trad\u00edcia \u201em\u00e1ja\u201c sa vyskytovala na Pitvaro\u0161i v\u00a0r\u00f4znych form\u00e1ch a prejavoch.<\/p>\n

Zoznamovanie a\u00a0prejavy n\u00e1klonnosti <\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00e1j ako jeden z\u00a0jarn\u00fdch mesiacov prin\u00e1\u0161al so sebou nielen rozkvitnut\u00e9 stromy ale v\u00a0m\u00e1ji kvitla\u00a0\u010dasto i\u00a0l\u00e1ska. Ve\u010f nie nadarmo sa vravieva: \u201em\u00e1j l\u00e1sky \u010das.\u201c Zoznamovanie a\u00a0prejavy n\u00e1klonnosti ml\u00e1dencov k\u00a0diev\u010dat\u00e1m a\u00a0diev\u010dat k\u00a0ml\u00e1dencom mal v\u00a0minulosti pevnej\u0161ie stanoven\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1 ako v\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti a\u00a0podliehal mnoh\u00fdm zvykom a\u00a0trad\u00edci\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Pitvaro\u0161sk\u00ed ml\u00e1denci<\/p>\n

(rodinn\u00fd arch\u00edv M\u00e1ria Kv\u00e1lov\u00e1, roden\u00e1 Majov\u00e1, Senec)<\/p>\n

Bolo nieko\u013eko miest, kde si mlad\u00ed mohli \u201epadn\u00fa\u0165 do oka\u201c. Jedn\u00fdm z\u00a0nich bol pitvaro\u0161sk\u00fd evanjelick\u00fd kostol. Diev\u010dat\u00e1 sa od nepam\u00e4ti radi par\u00e1dili, ve\u010f ktor\u00e1 by nechcela by\u0165 pekn\u00e1 a\u00a0ma\u0165 frajera. Na vydaj s\u00face \u010fjovke<\/em> mali v\u00a0kostole svoje pevn\u00e9 miesto v\u00a0strednej uli\u010dke pozd\u013a\u017e lav\u00edc. Hlavne pri vst\u00e1van\u00ed sa vrten\u00edm svojich kr\u00e1snych gecel\u00ed<\/em> (sukn\u00ed) sna\u017eili zauja\u0165 ml\u00e1dencov. Pri odchode z\u00a0kostola pozerali na chvor, kde sedeli ml\u00e1denci a\u00a0ktor\u00fd na \u0148u mrkol, vedela, \u017ee\u00a0 si padli do oka. Stretn\u00fa\u0165 mil\u00e9ho sa dalo aj ke\u010f chodili s\u00a0kantou na art\u00e9zsku vodu. Stud\u0148a s\u00a0art\u00e9zskou vodou bola len jedna. St\u00e1la uprostred dediny, pri kostole a\u00a0pri ve\u013ekom Pitvaro\u0161i, cesta tam aj sp\u00e4\u0165 trvala hodn\u00fa chv\u00ed\u013eu a\u00a0pln\u00e1 kanta mala aj svoju v\u00e1hu. To vyu\u017e\u00edvali ml\u00e1denci, ktor\u00ed na art\u00e9zskej \u010dakali svoje diev\u010da, radi ho odprev\u00e1dzali domov a\u00a0popri tom pomohli s\u00a0plnou kantou vody. Ale smelo sa len po dverce, aby diev\u010da nepri\u0161lo do re\u010d\u00ed, mor\u00e1lka bola ve\u013emi pr\u00edsna a\u00a0o\u010di klebetn\u00fdch susediek, ale i\u00a0susedov boli v\u0161ade. Na zoznamovanie sl\u00fa\u017eili predov\u0161etk\u00fdm p\u00e1ra\u010dky, kde na zab\u00e1vaj\u00facu sa ml\u00e1de\u017e dohliadali star\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0sem-tam i\u00a0pomohli mlad\u00fdm so zozn\u00e1men\u00edm. Mlad\u00ed sa stret\u00e1vali samozrejme i\u00a0na in\u00fdch z\u00e1bav\u00e1ch, r\u00f4znych rodinn\u00fdch udalostiach, v\u00a0robote \u010di na ulici. V\u00fdnimkou neboli ani sob\u00e1\u0161e na \u201eodpor\u00fa\u010danie\u201c rodiny, alebo ak sa niektor\u00e9 rodiny dobre poznali a\u00a0chceli da\u0165 dokopy aj svojich mlad\u00fdch. Niekedy to vy\u0161lo a\u00a0niekedy nie. Mlad\u00ed mali v\u017edy \u201esvoj rozum\u201c.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Pitvaro\u0161sk\u00e9 diev\u010dat\u00e1<\/p>\n

(rodinn\u00fd arch\u00edv Em\u00edlia Zahorcov\u00e1, roden\u00e1 Leg\u00edni, Pitvaro\u0161, Ma\u010farsko)<\/p>\n

Ako aj v\u00a0in\u00fdch dedin\u00e1ch i\u00a0na Pitvaro\u0161i sa v\u0161akovakvo<\/em> st\u00e1lo a\u00a0hne\u010f o\u00a0tom vedela cel\u00e1 dedina. Po Ve\u013ekej noci mohol ml\u00e1denec svoju n\u00e1klonnos\u0165 potvrdi\u0165 i\u00a0m\u00e1jom. Aj toto bol jeden druh zv\u00e1dzania, \u013eudovej hry mlad\u00fdch. Na Pitvaro\u0161i sa \u010dasto vyzdobovali domy v\u0155bovou alebo orgov\u00e1novou vetvou a\u00a0samozrejme stavali sa aj m\u00e1je. \u00da\u010delom m\u00e1ja bolo vyjadrenie n\u00e1klonnosti. Ml\u00e1denci diev\u010dat\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 im boli sympatick\u00e9, alebo u\u017e boli frajeri d\u00e1vali kvety alebo stavali m\u00e1je. Na Pitvaro\u0161i v\u00a0minulosti zvykli m\u00e1jom vyzdobi\u0165 pri svadbe aj dom mladuchy.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Vyzdobovanie okien a dver\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

V slovensk\u00fdch dolnozemsk\u00fdch obciach bol m\u00e1j jednozna\u010dne individu\u00e1lnou z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165ou ml\u00e1denca. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie sa vyzdobovali \u010dasti domu, od ulice. Najpou\u017e\u00edvanej\u0161ou bola vetva orgov\u00e1nu, <\/em>vi\u0161ne, <\/em>pr\u00edpadne v\u0155by. <\/em>Najob\u013e\u00fabenej\u0161ou ozdobou bol v\u0161ak orgov\u00e1n. Kvety a\u00a0kon\u00e1re sa ozdobovali stu\u017ekami. Nedostatok stromov na Dolnej zemi bol prvoradou pr\u00ed\u010dinou, pre\u010do v tejto oblasti prin\u00e1\u0161ali diev\u010dine ako m\u00e1j zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a vetvu zo stromu alebo kr\u00edka. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou v noci, po polnoci vyn\u00e1\u0161ali orgov\u00e1n na strechu domu, na hrebe\u0148, a uv\u00e4zovali ho ved\u013ea kom\u00edna, resp. na br\u00e1nu. Od prvej tretiny 20. storo\u010dia u\u017e na Pitvaro\u0161i prin\u00e1\u0161ali vetvu v\u0155by alebo orgov\u00e1nu, ozdoben\u00fa pestr\u00fdmi stuhami, <\/em>v\u00fdnimo\u010dne dar\u010dekmi (\u0161atkou, sladkou p\u00e1lenkou, f\u013ea\u0161ou v\u00edna, b\u00e1bikou at\u010f.) pre t\u00fa dievku, za ktorou chodili s v\u00e1\u017enymi \u00famyslami alebo ktor\u00fa chceli z\u00edska\u0165. V\u00a0skromn\u00fdch pomeroch na Pitvaro\u0161i preva\u017eovalo prejavenie n\u00e1klonnosti namiesto stavania m\u00e1ja vyzdobovanie domu kvetmi a\u00a0ozdobami, kde b\u00fdvalo diev\u010da. Poza oblo\u010dnice sa napchali r\u00f4zne kvety. Kvety sa umies\u0148ovali aj na seg\u00ed\u0161<\/em> (\u0161t\u00edt domu). Niekedy na seg\u00ed\u0161i<\/em> boli aj vyrez\u00e1van\u00e9 r\u00f4zne vzory, napr\u00edklad tulip\u00e1ny, tak aj tam sa napchali kvety. Ako v\u00fdzdoba sa pou\u017e\u00edvali kvety, ktor\u00e9 ml\u00e1denci niekedy aj nakradli po dedine. Cez de\u0148 si zistili, kde sa ak\u00e9 nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa a\u00a0v\u00a0noci ich i\u0161li natrha\u0165. Kvety sa d\u00e1vali do ka\u017ed\u00e9ho domu, kde mali dievku, ale nie tam kde bola prespan\u00e1. Vyzdobovali sa nielen oblo\u010dnice a\u00a0\u0161t\u00edt domu, ale i\u00a0vr\u00e1ta a\u00a0dvere b\u00fdvali ozdoben\u00e9 \u010dasto orgov\u00e1nom.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Pitvaros\u0161k\u00ed ml\u00e1denci pred postaven\u00fdm m\u00e1jom<\/p>\n

(po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 vizualiz\u00e1cia, autor Michal Ko\u017euch)<\/p>\n

Stavanie m\u00e1ja<\/strong><\/p>\n

Na Pitvaro\u0161i sa m\u00e1je vo ve\u013ekom nestavali. V\u00a0dedine sa postavili ro\u010dne len 3 a\u017e 4 m\u00e1je, aj to preva\u017ene len bohat\u0161\u00ed gazdovia a frajeri. V\u00a0noci na prv\u00e9ho m\u00e1ja boli mlad\u00ed na Pitvaro\u0161i nedo\u010dkav\u00ed. Zatia\u013e \u010do ml\u00e1denci ozdobovali a\u00a0stavali m\u00e1j, diev\u010dat\u00e1 tajne \u010dakali a\u00a0d\u00fafali.<\/p>\n

Ako m\u00e1j sl\u00fa\u017eili najm\u00e4 vysok\u00e9 rovn\u00e9 stromy zbaven\u00e9 k\u00f4ry. Priemern\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka m\u00e1ja bola od 5 do 7 metrov. Vo v\u0161eobecnosti boli uprednost\u0148ovan\u00e9 stromy, ktor\u00e9 sa v tomto \u010dase u\u017e zelenali. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie sa pou\u017e\u00edvali stromy ako topo\u013e, breza, hrab, smrek alebo \u010do sa dalo zohna\u0165. Stromy na m\u00e1j ml\u00e1denci zvykli \u010dasto aj ukradn\u00fa\u0165. \u0160tyria-piati ml\u00e1denci v predve\u010der odrezali pekne sa zelenej\u00faci strom a ozdobili ho. Na vrchu m\u00e1ja nechali zele\u0148, ktor\u00e1 sa ozdobila pestrofarebn\u00fdmi stuhami (\u010derven\u00e9 a\u00a0ru\u017eov\u00e9, modr\u00e9 a\u00a0biele) \u010di f\u013ea\u0161ou alkoholu. Hotov\u00fd m\u00e1j niesli pred dom vyvolenej na ramen\u00e1ch. Ke\u010f\u017ee nebolo vo zvyku, aby sa ml\u00e1denec prezradil, akon\u00e1hle bol m\u00e1j postaven\u00fd, r\u00fdchle odi\u0161iel aj s\u00a0kamar\u00e1tmi a i\u0161li si vypi\u0165 a\u00a0zaspieva\u0165 do kr\u010dmy. V\u00fdnimo\u010dne si ml\u00e1denec doniesol so sebou aj bandu a\u00a0t\u00e1 hrala, zatia\u013e \u010do on s\u00a0kamar\u00e1tmi zakop\u00e1val strom. Na m\u00e1jov\u00fa trad\u00edciu stavania m\u00e1ja nadv\u00e4zovala na Pitvaro\u0161i na druh\u00fd de\u0148 prvom\u00e1jov\u00e1 z\u00e1bava pre ml\u00e1de\u017e.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nezvy\u010dajn\u00e9 formy m\u00e1ja<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vyzdobovanie okien domov \u010di stavanie m\u00e1ja bolo aj v\u00fdborn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom ako si v\u00a0utajen\u00ed urobi\u0165 srandu alebo zosmie\u0161ni\u0165 diev\u010da. Kde bola v\u00a0dome star\u00e1 dievka a\u00a0chceli jej urobi\u0165 hanbu, dali jej na m\u00e1j \u010dierne stuhy. Raz ml\u00e1denci pri kradnut\u00ed kvetov chytili mal\u00e9ho vt\u00e1\u010dika \u2013 \u201eb\u00edbika<\/em>\u201c a\u00a0zo srandy ho zatvorili do oblo\u010dnice.<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f diev\u010dina neop\u00e4tovala zbli\u017eovanie ml\u00e1denca alebo bola namyslen\u00e1, py\u0161n\u00e1, ml\u00e1denec jej – so z\u00e1merom vysmia\u0165 ju – postavil \u0161kared\u00fd, spotvoren\u00fd m\u00e1j, na ktor\u00fd pouv\u00e4zoval grobianske predmety. \u010casto drsne zosmie\u0161nili aj jej rodinu. Na Pitvaro\u0161i si odmietnut\u00ed ml\u00e1deneci robili posmech tak, \u017ee zapichli kukuri\u010dn\u00fa by\u013e do kom\u00edna, a dom\u00e1ci nevedeli kv\u00f4li tomu zak\u00fari\u0165. \u017dand\u00e1ri to vy\u0161etrovali, ale nikto sa nedozvedel, kto bol p\u00e1chate\u013eom. Odnesenie br\u00e1n sa na Pitvaro\u0161i stalo tie\u017e predmetom vy\u0161etrovania. Rodi\u010dia a dievka zav\u010dasu r\u00e1no odstr\u00e1nili tieto zahanbuj\u00face rekvizity, aby sa o nich obec nedozvedela.<\/p>\n

Reakcie diev\u010dat<\/strong><\/p>\n

Stavanie m\u00e1ja a\u00a0vyzdobovanie domov vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov prebiehalo v\u00a0utajen\u00ed, pod r\u00fa\u0161kom noci. Hoci diev\u010dat\u00e1 \u010dasto striehli za oknon, von nevy\u0161li. Niekedy dostriehli kto je pod oknom a\u00a0niekedy nie. Diev\u010dat\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou predstierali prekvapenie hoci ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u010dakala na m\u00e1j, obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 ke\u010f mala v\u00e1\u017eneho n\u00e1padn\u00edka. A ke\u010f jej ho nepriniesol, ve\u013emi sa sklamala. Dievky sa potom radi chv\u00e1lili, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 najviac vyzdoben\u00fd dom alebo najkraj\u0161\u00ed m\u00e1j.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Autor \u010dl\u00e1nku:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Michal Ko\u017euch<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Inform\u00e1tori:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zuzana Pavlov\u00e1, roden\u00e1 Roh\u00e1rov\u00e1, Sl\u00e1dkovi\u010dovo<\/p>\n

Peter Zelman, Senec<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161ie zdroje:<\/strong><\/p>\n

https:\/\/sk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M%C3%A1j_(symbolick%C3%BD_strom)<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.sulinet.hu\/oroksegtar\/data\/magyarorszagi_nemzetisegek\/szlovakok\/kalendarne_obicaje_III\/pages\/002_jar.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/webmagazin.teraz.sk\/styl\/stavanie-maja-historia-jar\/674-clanok.html<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/slovakia.travel\/stavanie-majov-1-maj<\/a><\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vznik trad\u00edcie stavania m\u00e1ja M\u00e1j bol mlad\u00fd strom\u010dek, naj\u010dastej\u0161ie smrekov\u00fd, jed\u013eov\u00fd alebo brezov\u00fd, ktor\u00fd mal symbolick\u00fd v\u00fdznam a bol v\u00fdrazom pr\u00edrodn\u00e9ho m\u00fdtu o boji zimy s\u00a0jarou a smrti so \u017eivotom. M\u00e1jov\u00e1 zele\u0148 bola symbolom sily a dobr\u00e9ho rastu. Najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ie postavenie medzi rastlinami mal vo zvykoch strom, ktor\u00fd sa v tejto s\u00favislosti ozna\u010doval ako m\u00e1j. M\u00e1je Pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 viac o Stavanie m\u00e1ja na Pitvaro\u0161i<\/span>[…]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1819,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1813","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clanky","category-tradicna-kultura"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/maja04.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1813","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1813"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1813\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1821,"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1813\/revisions\/1821"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1819"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1813"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1813"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1813"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}