{"id":2403,"date":"2019-07-08T07:32:09","date_gmt":"2019-07-08T05:32:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/?p=2403"},"modified":"2019-07-09T08:54:28","modified_gmt":"2019-07-09T06:54:28","slug":"doprava-na-pitvarosi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/?p=2403","title":{"rendered":"Doprava na Pitvaro\u0161i"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dejiny Pitvaro\u0161a a\u00a0Pitvaro\u0161anov boli od za\u010diatku spojen\u00e9 s\u00a0dopravou. Koncom 18. a\u00a0za\u010diatkom 19. storo\u010dia, hornouhorsk\u00ed Slov\u00e1ci opustili svoje domovy a\u00a0polia a\u00a0vydali sa na Doln\u00fa zem. Nesk\u00f4r, na Pitvaro\u0161i, cestovali za pr\u00e1cou do okolit\u00fdch i\u00a0vzdialenej\u0161\u00edch statkov. Boli n\u00faten\u00ed i\u00a0nedobrovo\u013ene \u00eds\u0165, cez vojnu, so strachom o\u00a0vlastn\u00fd \u017eivot smerom na Nagysz\u00e9n\u00e1s. Nakoniec v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z\u00a0nich opustila Pitvaro\u0161 vo vlakov\u00fdch transportoch na Slovensko. Svoj majetok a\u00a0dom\u00e1ce zvierat\u00e1 si nalo\u017eili do \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00fdch vag\u00f3nov. V obci zostali po nich pr\u00e1zdne domy a\u00a0pr\u00e1zdnota v\u00a0srdciach t\u00fdch, \u010do zostali. Mnoh\u00e9 korene sa popret\u0155hali.<\/p>\n

\u00darove\u0148 a r\u00fdchlos\u0165 cestovania ur\u010dovali mo\u017enosti dopravn\u00fdch prostriedkov, stav ciest a\u00a0po\u010dasie. Po os\u00eddlen\u00ed Pitvaro\u0161skej pusty sa najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm dopravn\u00fdm prostriedkom stal konsk\u00fd z\u00e1prah. Konsk\u00fa silu vyu\u017e\u00edvali i\u00a0pri pr\u00e1cach na poli, ako pohon mlynsk\u00e9ho kolesa v mlyne, pri oran\u00ed a\u00a0zv\u00e1\u017ean\u00ed plodov zeme z\u00a0po\u013ea do domov.\u00a0 Ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed gazda mal doma kone. Na usmernenie ko\u0148a po\u010das jazdy a\u00a0na zapriahnutie vozov sa pou\u017e\u00edvala s\u00faprava konsk\u00e9ho postroja \u2013 \u0161tver\u0148e<\/em>. \u0160tver\u0148e <\/em>sa robili r\u00f4zne – \u0161akovakie<\/em>, pod\u013ea funkcie. Umiestnenie konsk\u00e9ho postroja zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00fa nasledovn\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Konsk\u00fd postroj \u2013 \u0161tver\u0148e<\/em><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Konsk\u00e9 postroje – \u0161tver\u0148e<\/em><\/p>\n

(Zdroj: Roh\u00e1rik, P., 1988: Terminol\u00f3gia remeselnej v\u00fdroby v Nadlaku)<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Detail zubadla a ohl\u00e1vky<\/em><\/p>\n

(Zdroj: Roh\u00e1rik, P., 1988: Terminol\u00f3gia remeselnej v\u00fdroby v Nadlaku)<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Oblo\u010d\u0148ice \u2013 <\/em>dve ko\u017een\u00e9 \u010dasti na ohl\u00e1vku, r\u00f4zne tvarovan\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 zakr\u00fdvali ko\u0148ovi postrann\u00e9 videnie, klapky.<\/li>\n
  2. Ohl\u00e1vka <\/em>– remenn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 konsk\u00e9ho postroja pozost\u00e1vaj\u00faca z\u00a0nieko\u013ek\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed, ktor\u00e1 sa kladie ko\u0148ovi na hlavu,\u00a0 umo\u017e\u0148uje dr\u017ea\u0165 zubadlo v\u00a0pysku.<\/li>\n
  3. \u0147aklov<\/em> \u2013 dr\u017eiak, remenn\u00e1 s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 konsk\u00e9ho postroja, ktor\u00e1 obj\u00edma ko\u0148ovi \u0161iju a je\u00a0prip\u00e4t\u00e1 na oji.<\/li>\n
  4. H\u00e1cia<\/em> \u2013 \u010das\u0165 konsk\u00e9ho postroja le\u017eiaca na chrbte a\u00a0\u0161iji ko\u0148a, pod\u013ea polohy rozozn\u00e1vame prv\u00fa<\/em> h\u00e1ciu,<\/em> druh\u00fa<\/em> h\u00e1ciu<\/em> a\u00a0tretiu h\u00e1ciu<\/em>. Prv\u00e1<\/em> h\u00e1cia<\/em> \u2013 pre\u0148ia h\u00e1cia<\/em> – remenn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 konsk\u00e9ho postroja, ktor\u00e1 je zavesen\u00e1 na kr\u00ed\u017eoch ko\u0148a, udr\u017eiava prsn\u00edk v\u00a0potrebnej polohe na prsiach ko\u0148a.<\/li>\n
  5. Popruh, ha\u0161lou<\/em> \u2013 remenn\u00e1 s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 na konskom postroji, ktor\u00e1 sa tiahne popod brucho ko\u0148a.<\/li>\n
  6. Kr\u00ed\u017ena hal\u00faz<\/em> \u2013 jeden zo \u0161tyroch hrub\u0161\u00edch remenn\u00fdch p\u00e1sov ved\u00facich k\u00a0zubadlu, tieto s\u00fa skr\u00ed\u017een\u00e9. Hal\u00fazi<\/em> \u2013 zoskupen\u00e1, spojen\u00e1 s\u00fastava jednotliv\u00fdch remenn\u00fdch p\u00e1sov konsk\u00e9ho postroja, pomocou ktorej sa vedie \u2013 ovl\u00e1da konsk\u00fd z\u00e1prah. Hal\u00faz k\u00a0zubadl\u00e1m<\/em> \u2013 jeden zo \u0161tyroch dlh\u0161\u00edch, asi 3 cm \u0161irok\u00fdch remienkov, ktor\u00fd sa prip\u00edna o\u00a0zubadlo, \u010das\u0165 konsk\u00e9ho postroja.<\/li>\n
  7. Ohlavok<\/em> s\u00a0dr\u017eiakom<\/em> – remenn\u00e1 s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 konsk\u00e9ho postroja, pozost\u00e1vaj\u00faca z\u00a0nieko\u013ek\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed, ktor\u00e1 sa kladie ko\u0148ovi na hlavu a\u00a0umo\u017e\u0148uje dr\u017ea\u0165 zubadlo v\u00a0pysku, ohl\u00e1vka.<\/li>\n
  8. Prs\u0148\u00edk <\/em>– \u0161ir\u0161ia, pls\u0165ou pod\u0161it\u00e1, remenn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 konsk\u00e9ho postroja na prsiach ko\u0148a, do ktorej sa k\u00f4\u0148 zapiera pri \u0165ahan\u00ed.<\/li>\n
  9. S\u00e1ri\u010dka<\/em> \u2013 remenn\u00e9 puzdro, obal na pobo\u010dku z\u00a0konopn\u00e9ho vl\u00e1kna, ktor\u00e9 zabra\u0148uje tomu, aby pobo\u010dok obdieral telo ko\u0148a. <\/em><\/li>\n
  10. \u0160tr\u00e1nk s\u00a0k\u013eukou na konci <\/em>\u2013 \u010das\u0165 konsk\u00e9ho postroja upleten\u00e1 z\u00a0konopn\u00e9ho vl\u00e1kna alebo uroben\u00e1 z\u00a0hrub\u00e9ho reme\u0148a, pomocou ktorej k\u00f4\u0148 \u0165ah\u00e1 voz, pobo\u010dnica.<\/li>\n
  11. 11.Chrb\u00e1t<\/em> – s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 konsk\u00e9ho postroja, ktor\u00fd le\u017e\u00ed na chrbte ko\u0148a. Druh\u00e1 h\u00e1cia<\/em> \u2013 stredn\u00fd, druh\u00fd remenn\u00fd polkruh konsk\u00e9ho postroja le\u017eiaci na chrbte ko\u0148a, ktor\u00fd sa opatr\u00ed \u017eelezn\u00fdmi \u010das\u0165ami, cez ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pretiahnut\u00e9 opraty, uzdy. Tretia h\u00e1cia<\/em> \u2013 v\u00a0porad\u00ed tret\u00ed reme\u0148 prech\u00e1dzaj\u00faci cez chrb\u00e1t ko\u0148a na konskom postroji, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 viac funkciu ozdobn\u00fa ako \u00fa\u010delov\u00fa, b\u00fdva len na par\u00e1dnom postroji.<\/li>\n
  12. Ru\u010dnie hal\u00fazi \u2013 <\/em>\u010dasti konsk\u00e9ho postroja, ktor\u00e9 dr\u017e\u00ed pohoni\u010d v\u00a0ruke a\u00a0pomocou ktorej ovl\u00e1da konsk\u00fd z\u00e1prah a\u00a0vedie ho, opraty, uzda.<\/li>\n
  13. Vank\u00fa\u0161ik na druhej h\u00e1ciji <\/em>\u2013 podlo\u017eka, pod\u0161\u00edvka z\u00a0plsti na konskom postroji, ktor\u00e1 zabra\u0148uje, aby reme\u0148 obdieral konsk\u00fd chrb\u00e1t.<\/li>\n
  14. Kar\u00ed\u010dka<\/em> \u2013 mal\u00fd kovov\u00fd kr\u00fa\u017eok koliesko, ktor\u00e9 remen\u00e1r vklad\u00e1 do r\u00f4znych \u010dast\u00ed konsk\u00e9ho postroja.<\/li>\n
  15. Zubadlo<\/em> \u2013 \u017eelezn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 konsk\u00e9ho postroja, ktor\u00e1 je pripevnen\u00e1 na ohl\u00e1vke.<\/li>\n
  16. Podbrad\u0148\u00edk <\/em>\u2013 remenn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 na ohl\u00e1vke, prech\u00e1dza popod bradu konskej hlavy.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Na individu\u00e1lnu prepravu, ale predov\u0161etk\u00fdm na prepravu n\u00e1kladu sa pou\u017e\u00edvali ko\u010de. Ko\u010dom sa dalo cestova\u0165 alebo \u013eahn\u00fa\u0165 si do\u0148ho a necha\u0165 sa odviez\u0165 d\u00edvaj\u00fac sa na oblohu, v noci na hviezdy. Pri zv\u00e1\u017ean\u00ed po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych plod\u00edn z po\u013ea boli ko\u010de nenahradite\u013en\u00e9. Duchny a nevestina v\u00fdbava sa pred svadbou vozili pr\u00e1ve na ko\u010di. T\u00ed bohat\u0161\u00ed mali par\u00e1dnej\u0161ie ko\u010de \u2013 hintovi<\/em>.<\/em> Aj na poslednej ceste sa viezli zosnul\u00ed Pitvaro\u0161ania na ko\u010di \u2013 pohrebnom voze \u2013 \u010f\u00e1sko\u010d<\/em>. V\u00a0zimnom obdob\u00ed, ke\u010f bou s\u0148ah<\/em>, sa kone zapriahali do san\u00ed. Sa\u0148ami sa vozil na pole i hnoj dom\u00e1cich zvierat.<\/p>\n

    <\/h2>\n

    Ko\u010d<\/h3>\n

    \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

    Ko\u010d<\/em><\/p>\n

    (Zdroj: Roh\u00e1rik, P., 1988: Terminol\u00f3gia remeselnej v\u00fdroby v Nadlaku)<\/em><\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

    Se\u010fisko na ko\u010di<\/em><\/p>\n

    (Zdroj: Roh\u00e1rik, P., 1988: Terminol\u00f3gia remeselnej v\u00fdroby v Nadlaku)<\/em><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Oje<\/em> \u2013 \u017er\u010f na ko\u010di, ku ktorej sa zapriahaj\u00fa \u0165a\u017en\u00e9 zvierat\u00e1.<\/li>\n
    2. Pre\u0148ie \u0161arang\u013ee \u2013 <\/em>zaokr\u00fahlen\u00e1 a zaoblen\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 v\u00a0podobe rebriny na prednej \u010dasti voza.<\/li>\n
    3. \u013dou\u010d<\/em> \u2013 dreven\u00e1 okovan\u00e1 s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 voza, podopieraj\u00faca rebriny.<\/li>\n
    4. Lojtra<\/em> \u2013 \u010das\u0165 rebr\u00edn voza, rebrina voza. Lojtra<\/em> bolo pomenovanie na Pitvaro\u0161i aj pre rebr\u00edk. Okrem ko\u010dov boli na Pitvaro\u0161i i\u00a0rebriniaky, ktor\u00fdch bo\u010dnice boli rebriny, bez bo\u010dn\u00fdch dosiek.<\/li>\n
    5. Za\u0148ia ki\u0161a<\/em> \u2013 okovan\u00fd obl\u00fak, na ktorom le\u017eia rebriny, posil\u0148uje ich, aby sa neprehli.<\/li>\n
    6. Ko\u013eeso<\/em> \u2013 dreven\u00e9 okovan\u00e9 kolo ot\u00e1\u010daj\u00face sa okolo svojej osi, pomocou ktor\u00e9ho sa pohybuj\u00fa ko\u010de.<\/li>\n
    7. Za\u0148ie \u0161arang\u013ee<\/em> \u2013 zaokr\u00fahlen\u00e1, zaoblen\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 v\u00a0podobe rebriny na zadnej \u010dasti voza.<\/li>\n
    8. Pre\u0148ia ki\u0161a<\/em> \u2013\u00a0 rovnoramenn\u00e1 p\u00e1ka, ktor\u00e1 sa pripev\u0148uje na s\u0148ice<\/em> (s\u0148ice<\/em> – dve rovnomern\u00e9 \u017erde na prednom a\u00a0zadnom podvozku voza, medzi pre\u0148ie snice<\/em>\u00a0 sa vklad\u00e1 oje), o\u00a0\u0148u sa zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00fa biu\u0148ice<\/em> (biu\u0148ica<\/em> – dreven\u00e1 \u010das\u0165, o\u00a0ktor\u00fa sa pripn\u00fa povrazy \u2013 pobo\u010dnice, ktor\u00fdmi k\u00f4\u0148 \u0165ah\u00e1 voz) o\u00a0ktor\u00e9 sa prip\u00edna konsk\u00fd po\u0165ah).<\/li>\n
    9. Se\u010fisko<\/em> \u2013 miesto, kde sed\u00ed pohoni\u010d na ko\u010di, saniach, sedadlo.<\/li>\n
    10. Firhejs<\/em> \u2013 \u017eelezn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 na voze, sl\u00fa\u017eiaca ako st\u00fapadlo, zachyten\u00e1 jedn\u00fdm koncom h\u00e1kom na\u00a0ki\u0161u<\/em>, druh\u00fdm \u2013 na ktorom je vykuvan\u00fd kruh \u2013 sa prilo\u017e\u00ed na os a\u00a0zaist\u00ed sa l\u00f4nikom<\/em> (l\u00f4nik<\/em> – \u017eelezn\u00fd kol\u00edk s\u00a0hlavi\u010dkou na zachyt\u00e1vanie kolesa a\u00a0\u013eov\u010da<\/em> v\u00a0osi).<\/li>\n
    11. Odal\u0161tic\u0148a<\/em> \u2013 \u017eelezn\u00e1, r\u00f4zne tvarovan\u00e1 a\u00a0ozdoben\u00e1 ty\u010dka, ktor\u00e1 podopiera rebrinu o\u00a0za\u0148iu ki\u0161u. <\/em>\u00a0Ki\u0161a<\/em> sl\u00fa\u017eila aj na zachytenia st\u00fapadla na voz.<\/li>\n
    12. Daske<\/em> \u2013 dosky, ktor\u00e9 odde\u013euj\u00fa priestor voza, os jeho podvozku.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Hintov<\/h3>\n

      \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

      Par\u00e1dny ko\u010d – hintov<\/em><\/p>\n

      (Zdroj: Roh\u00e1rik, P., 1988: Terminol\u00f3gia remeselnej v\u00fdroby v Nadlaku)<\/em><\/p>\n

      \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

      Pitvaro\u0161sk\u00e9 deti v\u00a0zapriahnutom hintove<\/em><\/p>\n

      (rodinn\u00fd album, Pavel Darva\u0161, Pitvaro\u0161)<\/em><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u0160picbog\u0148a<\/em> \u2013 doska na prednej \u010dasti ko\u010da zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00faca \u0161plechot a\u00a0blato.<\/li>\n
      2. Oje.<\/em><\/li>\n
      3. Biu\u0148ica.<\/em><\/li>\n
      4. \u0160arh\u00e1\u0148ou<\/em> \u2013 blatn\u00edk na ko\u010di alebo par\u00e1dnej\u0161om voze.<\/li>\n
      5. Se\u010fisko<\/em> s\u00a0operadlom.<\/li>\n
      6. F\u00edder \/ rugou- <\/em>oce\u013eov\u00e9 zariadenie na par\u00e1dnom ko\u010di, na tlmenie n\u00e1razov, perovanie, pru\u017eina.<\/li>\n
      7. Ki\u0161a.<\/em><\/li>\n
      8. Felh\u00e1gou<\/em> \u2013 mal\u00e1 plocha sl\u00fa\u017eiaca ako schod\u00edk na par\u00e1dnom voze \u2013 hintove<\/em>, st\u00fapa\u010dka.<\/li>\n
      9. Operadlo<\/em> \u2013 \u010das\u0165 sediska sl\u00fa\u017eiaca na opretie chrbta alebo r\u00fak.<\/li>\n
      10. Karous\u00e9ria \/ l\u00e1da <\/em>\u00a0\u2013 vrchn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 par\u00e1dneho voza, ko\u010da (mesto lojtrov na hintov sa kla\u010fie karous\u00e9ria<\/em>), l\u00e1da<\/em> \u2013 horn\u00e1 dreven\u00e1, kov\u00e1\u010dom okuvan\u00e1, priestorov\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 na ko\u010di alebo par\u00e1dnych saniach.<\/li>\n
      11. Os<\/em> \u2013 upraven\u00e9 \u017eelezo \u2013 oce\u013eov\u00e1 ty\u010d voza, na ktorej je nastoknut\u00e9 koleso, ktor\u00e9 sa na nej ot\u00e1\u010da.<\/li>\n
      12. Ko\u013eeso.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

        Zapriahnut\u00fd ko\u010d s rodinou Adama Kri\u0161ku pred gangom na Ve\u013ekej ulici. Adam Kri\u0161ka v strede fotografie, v klob\u00faku<\/em><\/p>\n

        (rodinn\u00fd album, Edita Hansson\u00a0 Kurt-Lennart, roden\u00e1 Kotinsk\u00e1, V\u00e4nersborg \u2013 \u0160v\u00e9dsko)<\/em><\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

        Pitvaro\u0161an Franti\u0161ek Struh\u00e1r pri vozen\u00ed hnoja na pole, Ve\u013ek\u00e9 \u00da\u013eany, rok 1949<\/em><\/p>\n

        (rodinn\u00fd album, Michal Hronec, Senec)<\/em><\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

        Zapriahnut\u00fd pohrebn\u00fd voz \u2013 \u010f\u00e1sko\u010d a\u00a0 sm\u00fato\u010dn\u00fd sprievod. Pohreb Jozefa Lehock\u00e9ho (1897 – 1954) na Pitvaro\u0161i, 6. j\u00fala 1954.<\/em><\/p>\n

        (rodinn\u00fd album, Zuzana Hud\u00e1kov\u00e1 , Sl\u00e1dkovi\u010dovo)<\/em><\/p>\n

        Pri os\u00edd\u013eovan\u00ed a\u00a0z\u00farod\u0148ovan\u00ed pusty zapriahali Pitvaro\u0161ania do pluhov a\u00a0br\u00e1n najprv voly a\u00a0kravy. V\u00a0druhej polovici 19. storo\u010dia, pri pr\u00e1cach na poli, u\u017e dominoval konsk\u00fd z\u00e1prah. Povelmi pohoni\u010dov sa usmer\u0148ovala r\u00fdchlos\u0165 jazdy z\u00e1prahov. Na pohnutie a\u00a0zr\u00fdchlenie z\u00e1prahu sa pou\u017e\u00edval povel \u2013 hi\u00f3!<\/em>, na spomalenie a\u00a0zastavenie \u2013 h\u00f3!, ho\u00f3ha!<\/em>. Smer ur\u010doval pohoni\u010d, resp. jazdec potiahnut\u00edm uzdy zvolen\u00fdm smerom. Ko\u010de s\u00a0\u00fazkymi dreven\u00fdmi kolesami obtiahnut\u00e9 \u017eelezn\u00fdmi obru\u010dami – r\u00e1fmi<\/em>, vyr\u00e1bali miestni kol\u00e1ri. V\u00a040. rokoch 20. storo\u010dia bol kol\u00e1rom, v\u00fdrobcom ko\u010dov i\u00a0san\u00ed, na Pitvaro\u0161i \u0160tefan Ambr\u00f3zy, ktor\u00fd zdedil remeslo po svojom otcovi J\u00e1novi. \u0160tefan Ambr\u00f3zy cez vojnu padol na fronte. \u017delezn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky a\u00a0s\u00fa\u010diastky do konsk\u00fdch postrojov a\u00a0ko\u010dov vyr\u00e1bali pitvaro\u0161sk\u00ed kov\u00e1\u010di.<\/p>\n

        Koncom 19. storo\u010dia sa na Pitvaro\u0161i za\u010dali objavova\u0165 nov\u00e9 dopravn\u00e9 prostriedky \u2013 bicykle, \u017eeleznica, nesk\u00f4r automobily a autobusy. Na individu\u00e1lnu prepravu za\u010dali sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 bicykle, i ke\u010f na t\u00fa dobu boli mimoriadne vz\u00e1cne. Bol ve\u013ek\u00fd prepych ma\u0165 bicykel. Pavel Komoly vo svojom rukopise spom\u00edna, \u017ee prv\u00fd dreven\u00fd bicykel s troma kolesami zhotovil jeho star\u00fd otec Jozef Kochan (1893) vtedy svojmu najstar\u0161iemu synovi Pavlovi (chlapec sa nesk\u00f4r utopil). Bicyklista nohami ot\u00e1\u010dal ped\u00e1le na prednom kolese. Kto mal prv\u00fd na Pitvaro\u0161i \u017eelezn\u00fd bicykel sa pravdepodobne u\u017e nedozvieme. Pod\u013ea rukopisov a spomienok Michala Hud\u00e1ka, \u0160tefana Hud\u00e1ka, Pavla Komolyho, Michala Bernulu, J\u00e1na Hronca a Michala Kri\u0161ku prisudzuj\u00fa prvenstvo nieko\u013ek\u00fdm Pitvaro\u0161anom – Michalovi Michalovi\u010dovi u\u017e v roku 1882, Pavlovi Schillerovi v roku 1905, \u010di a\u017e v roku 1919 Jozefovi Poliakovi.\u00a0 Prv\u00e9 \u017eelezn\u00e9 bicykle boli e\u0161te bez pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a a du\u0161e. Prv\u00fd \u017eensk\u00fd bicykel priniesla, v 20. rokoch 20. storo\u010dia babtistka Lehock\u00e1. Priniesla si ho z Franc\u00fazska, kde bola pracova\u0165. \u013dudia a\u00a0 najm\u00e4 star\u0161ie \u017eeny sa vtedy pohor\u0161ovali nad t\u00fdm, ako \u017eena sed\u00ed rozkro\u010dmo na sedisku.<\/p>\n

        \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

        Traja kamar\u00e1ti: Samuel Gub\u00ednyi, Ondrej Klement, J\u00e1n Seleck\u00fd \u2013 S\u00f6ke, 40. roky 20. storo\u010dia<\/em><\/p>\n

        (rodinn\u00fd album, Samuel Gub\u00ednyi, Mal\u00e1 Ma\u010da)<\/em><\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        Prv\u00fd automobil na Pitvaro\u0161i vlastnil koncom 20. rokov 20. storo\u010dia \u017eid Erd\u00e9lyi J\u00f3zsef. Po \u0148om vlastnili auto lek\u00e1r Juraj Kre\u010d\u00e1k a\u00a0evanjelick\u00fd far\u00e1r J\u00e1n \u0160ag\u00fa\u013e. Ten vlastnil auto zna\u010dky Gino Let – \u017dinoletka<\/em>. Erd\u00e9lyi J\u00f3zsef z\u00e1rove\u0148 vlastnil autobus, ktor\u00fd denne prem\u00e1val na trase Pitvaro\u0161 \u2013 Makov (27 km). Autobus\u00a0 odch\u00e1dzal r\u00e1no o siedmej hodine do Makova a popoludn\u00ed o 15 hodine prich\u00e1dzal sp\u00e4\u0165. Jedna cesta st\u00e1la 2,40 Peng\u00f6, \u010do bolo ve\u013emi drah\u00e9. Robotn\u00edk vtedy zarobil za de\u0148 1 Peng\u00f6. M\u00e1lo Pitvaro\u0161anov cestovalo autobusom, ka\u017ed\u00fd\u00a0 rad\u0161ej na ko\u010di, alebo pe\u0161o i nieko\u013eko kilometrov \u0161iel. Technick\u00fd pokrok neobi\u0161iel ani po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo. Pri pr\u00e1cach na poli a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 ako pohon ml\u00e1\u0165a\u010diek sa pou\u017e\u00edvali traktory \u2013 hofertraktor<\/em>. Traktory, rovnako ako aut\u00e1 vlastnilo len nieko\u013eko z\u00e1mo\u017enej\u0161\u00edch Pitvaro\u0161anov.<\/p>\n

        \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

        M\u00e1ria \u0160vihranov\u00e1, vydat\u00e1 \u0160u\u013eanov\u00e1 a Al\u017ebeta Ki\u0161ov\u00e1, vydat\u00e1 Brezinov\u00e1 na traktore poh\u00e1\u0148aj\u00facom ml\u00e1\u0165a\u010dku, 40. roky 20. storo\u010dia<\/em><\/p>\n

        (rodinn\u00fd album, Al\u017ebeta Brezinov\u00e1, roden\u00e1 Ki\u0161ov\u00e1, Sl\u00e1dkovi\u010dovo)<\/em><\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        F\u00farik<\/h3>\n

        Neodmyslite\u013enou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou stavb\u00e1rov bol dreven\u00fd f\u00farik, ke\u010f bolo treba navozi\u0165 zem, alebo odviez\u0165 in\u00fd materi\u00e1l. Na nosenie predmetov sl\u00fa\u017eil i\u00a0traga\u010d<\/strong> – f\u00farik bez zadnej a\u00a0bo\u010dn\u00fdch stien.<\/p>\n

        \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

        F\u00farik<\/em><\/p>\n

        Zdroj: Roh\u00e1rik, P., 1988: Terminol\u00f3gia remeselnej v\u00fdroby v\u00a0Nadlaku<\/em><\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Ko\u013eeso.<\/em><\/li>\n
        2. \u010eierka s\u00a0oskou<\/em> \u2013 kruhov\u00fd nav\u0155tan\u00fd otvor so s\u00fa\u010diastkou, okolo ktorej sa kr\u00fati koleso.<\/li>\n
        3. Cvik<\/em> \u2013 zahroten\u00fd kus \u017eeleza, ktor\u00fd spev\u0148uje dreven\u00fd predmet v\u00a0ohrani\u010denom \u017eeleznom priestore.<\/li>\n
        4. Bok<\/em> \u2013 bo\u010dn\u00e1 stena.<\/li>\n
        5. Noha<\/em> \u2013\u00a0 podpera podstavec predmetu.<\/li>\n
        6. R\u00fa\u010dka<\/em> \u2013 \u010das\u0165 pracovn\u00e9ho n\u00e1stroja, ktor\u00e1 sa dr\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0ruke, rukov\u00e4\u0165, dr\u017eadlo.<\/li>\n
        7. Pre\u0148\u00ed ko\u0148iec<\/em> \u2013 predn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165.<\/li>\n
        8. Za\u0148\u00ed ko\u0148iec<\/em> \u2013\u00a0 zadn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165.<\/li>\n
        9. Spodok<\/em> \u2013 spodn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165.<\/li>\n
        10. Ucho<\/em> \u2013 dr\u017eadlo, rukov\u00e4\u0165 v\u00a0podobe ucha.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          <\/h2>\n

           <\/p>\n

          Cestn\u00e9 komunik\u00e1cie<\/h3>\n

          Cesty neboli dl\u00e1\u017eden\u00e9, v \u010dase jarn\u00fdch a\u00a0jesenn\u00fdch da\u017e\u010fov boli blatist\u00e9 a\u00a0\u0165a\u017eko priechodn\u00e9. Koles\u00e1 ko\u010da\u00a0 vyr\u00fdvali ko\u013eaje a\u00a0blato bolo niekedy a\u017e po kolen\u00e1. Na dlh\u0161ie cesty sa vyd\u00e1vali najm\u00e4 v\u00a0lete. V\u00a0such\u00fdch obdobiach boli cesty pra\u0161n\u00e9, vietor naf\u00fakal prach do o\u010d\u00ed, okien a zapr\u00e1\u0161il sl\u00e1vnostn\u00e9 \u010dierne \u0161aty.\u00a0 Po cest\u00e1ch sa pohybovali pe\u0161o, na koni, konsk\u00fdmi povozmi a\u00a0v zime\u00a0na saniach.<\/p>\n

          Obcou prech\u00e1dzaj\u00fa cestn\u00e9 komunik\u00e1cie zo smeru Mak\u00f3 na Mez\u0151hegyes a\u00a0smer Csan\u00e1dpalota na T\u00f3tkoml\u00f3s. T\u00e1to kri\u017eovatka ciest jestvovala u\u017e v\u00a0roku 1840. Pret\u00ednaj\u00fa sa na Pitvaro\u0161i ako Medzovsk\u00e1 cesta a\u00a0Ve\u013ek\u00e1 ulica. V\u00a0roku 1903 upravovali cestu Pitvaro\u0161 \u2013 Makov. Cestu vykladali hrbo\u013eat\u00fdmi kamenn\u00fdmi dla\u017edicami. Hradsk\u00e1 bola ve\u013emi hrbo\u013eat\u00e1, kamenn\u00e9 dla\u017edice netvorili hladk\u00fd povrch, a\u00a0tak pri cestovan\u00ed na sedliackych vozoch div nevytriasli z\u00a0\u010dloveka du\u0161u. Po takejto ceste museli neraz Pitvaro\u0161ania vozi\u0165 svoje tehotn\u00e9 \u017eeny (v pr\u00edpade dvoji\u010diek a komplikovan\u00fdch p\u00f4rodov) pred p\u00f4rodom a chor\u00fdch do nemocnice v\u00a0Makove. V\u00a0tom istom obdob\u00ed stavali i\u00a0hradsk\u00fa smerom na Mezdov<\/em>. Cestu medzi Slovensk\u00fdm Koml\u00f3\u0161om a\u00a0Pitvaro\u0161om dl\u00e1\u017edili v\u00a0rokoch 1926 – 1927. Namiesto hrbo\u013eatej cesty uprednost\u0148ovali \u013eudia m\u00e4k\u0161iu, tr\u00e1vou porasten\u00fa letn\u00fa vozov\u00fa cestu \u2013 \u0148\u00e1ri\u010dku.<\/em> Hradsk\u00fa lemovala z\u00a0\u013eavej strany, smerom od Komlov\u0161a<\/em>. Mnoh\u00ed \u010do mali ko\u010de i\u00a0kone, vozili kamene zo \u017eeleznice na stavbu. Prekladanie kame\u0148ov z\u00a0vag\u00f3nov na vozy bola mimoriadne nam\u00e1hav\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca. Michal T\u00f3th na Ve\u013ekej ulici v\u00a0\u010dase stavby robil svadbu, vyd\u00e1val dc\u00e9ru M\u00e1riu. Ved\u00facim stavby\u00a0d\u00e1val jes\u0165 a\u00a0pi\u0165, len aby bola cesta sk\u00f4r dokon\u010den\u00e1, preto\u017ee mali vozi\u0165 periny – duchny<\/em> od nich k\u00a0mlad\u00e9mu za\u0165ovi. Pri stavbe ciest pracovali i\u00a0Pitvaro\u0161ania ako kubiko\u0161i<\/em> \u2013 boli platen\u00ed od kub\u00edka. Michal Hronec (1924) si spom\u00edna na Pitvaro\u0161anov, ktor\u00ed robili cesty, vykladali dla\u017edice: Pavol Varga a Michal Franko, ktor\u00fd si poma\u010far\u010dil meno na F\u0151ldesi.<\/p>\n

          \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

          J\u00e1n Gub\u00ednyi na Medzovskej ceste, 40. roky\u00a0 20. storo\u010dia<\/em><\/p>\n

          (rodinn\u00fd album, Samuel Gub\u00ednyi, Mal\u00e1 Ma\u010da)<\/em><\/p>\n

          \u017deleznica<\/h3>\n

          Najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ou dopravnou stavbou v\u00a0chot\u00e1ri bola \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00e1 tra\u0165. Severov\u00fdchodnej \u010dasti obce sa dot\u00fdkala len okrajovo. Pitvaro\u0161ania sa b\u00e1li \u201eohniv\u00e9ho stroja\u201c, \u017ee im zap\u00e1li slamou pokryt\u00e9 domy. Tra\u0165\u00a0 Szarvas – Orosh\u00e1za \u2013 Mez\u0151hegyes, dlh\u00fa 77 km, otvorili 23.novembra 1893. Rovnako ako pri stavieb ciest aj pri stavbe \u017eeleznice pom\u00e1hali Pitvaro\u0161ania. V\u00a0tomto obdob\u00ed postavili i \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00fa stanicu \u2013 \u00e1lom\u00e1\u0161<\/em>. Ako prv\u00fdm spr\u00e1vcom stanice bol Pavel Seleck\u00fd. Na \u00e1lom\u00e1\u0161<\/em> a\u00a0t\u00far\u0148u<\/em> kostola v\u00a0dia\u013eke, spo\u010dinuli poh\u013eady pres\u00eddlencov v\u00a0roku 1947.<\/p>\n

          \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

          \u017delezni\u010dn\u00e1 stanica\u00a0 Pitvaro\u0161, v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti u\u017e zb\u00faran\u00e1<\/em><\/p>\n

          \u00a0(autor fotografie: Juraj Majo, 2005)<\/em><\/p>\n

          Po\u0161ta<\/h3>\n

          Medzi dopravu patr\u00ed aj preprava listov a\u00a0z\u00e1sielok prostredn\u00edctvom po\u0161ty. Pitvaro\u0161om prech\u00e1dzali v\u00a0minulosti po\u0161tov\u00e9 cesty: Nadlak \u2013 Csan\u00e1dpalota \u2013 Pitvaros \u2013 T\u00f3tkoml\u00f3s a\u00a0druh\u00e1 Battonya \u2013 Mez\u00f6hegyes \u2013 Pitvaros –\u00a0Folde\u00e1k. V\u00a0obci, ani v\u00a0okolit\u00fdch obciach po\u0161ta nebola. Preto nagyv\u00e1radsk\u00e9 po\u0161tov\u00e9 riadite\u013estvo vyhovelo po\u017eiadavke obyvate\u013eov a\u00a0v\u00a0roku 1892 zriadilo na Pitvaro\u0161i po\u0161tu s telegrafom. Po\u0161tou sa posielali nielen listy, ale i bal\u00edky. Dopravu po\u0161tovn\u00fdch z\u00e1sielok zo Szegedu na B\u00e9ke\u0161sk\u00fa \u010cabu, cez Pitvaro\u0161, zabezpe\u010dovali po\u0161tov\u00fdmi povozmi. Vo\u00a0 voze mohli cestova\u0165 aj traja \u013eudia. Za hlavn\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vcu po\u0161ty vymenovali na Pitvaro\u0161i Ferenca P\u00f6chera. Do obc\u00ed, kde neboli \u017eand\u00e1ri, ani vojaci sprev\u00e1dzala po\u0161tov\u00fd voz ochranka.<\/p>\n

          Prv\u00e1 po\u0161ta bola najprv u\u00a0zverolek\u00e1ra Jozefa P\u00f3\u0161a na Tretej ulici, nesk\u00f4r na rohu Tretej ulice. Na po\u0161te pracoval jeden \u010dlovek a\u00a0bola tam aj po\u0161tov\u00e1 schr\u00e1nka. Pitvaro\u0161ania nezvykli posiela\u0165 listy. Uprednost\u0148ovali osobn\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161tevy v\u00a0okolit\u00fdch obciach, kde mali svoje rodiny. P\u00edsanie listov a\u00a0posielanie poh\u013eadn\u00edc priniesla a\u017e vojna. Ve\u013ea Pitvaro\u0161anov posielalo z\u00a0frontu domov listy a\u00a0svoje vojensk\u00e9 poh\u013eadnice. Po\u0161tov\u00e9 z\u00e1sielky sa nosili z\u00a0po\u0161ty na vlak. V\u00a0obci aj na s\u00e1la\u0161och rozn\u00e1\u0161ali po\u0161tu uniformovan\u00ed po\u0161t\u00e1ri pe\u0161o i\u00a0na bicykli. Po\u0161t\u00e1rmi v\u00a040. rokoch 20. storo\u010dia boli Judita Andr\u00e1\u0161ov\u00e1, Al\u017ebeta \u010ciakov\u00e1 a\u00a0\u0160tefan Lauko. Po\u0161t\u00e1rom bol aj J\u00e1n Rikk, ale ke\u010f\u017ee si nechcel poma\u010far\u010di\u0165 meno, zo slu\u017eby ho odvolali. V\u00a0pohnut\u00fdch \u010dasoch vojny, doru\u010dovate\u013esk\u00fa \u010dinnos\u0165 vykon\u00e1val obecn\u00fd \u00farad. Za\u010diatkom janu\u00e1ra 1945 po\u0161tov\u00fd \u00farad svoju \u010dinnos\u0165 op\u00e4\u0165 obnovil.<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

          Autor \u010dl\u00e1nku:<\/strong> Michal Ko\u017euch<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Dejiny Pitvaro\u0161a a\u00a0Pitvaro\u0161anov boli od za\u010diatku spojen\u00e9 s\u00a0dopravou. Koncom 18. a\u00a0za\u010diatkom 19. storo\u010dia, hornouhorsk\u00ed Slov\u00e1ci opustili svoje domovy a\u00a0polia a\u00a0vydali sa na Doln\u00fa zem. Nesk\u00f4r, na Pitvaro\u0161i, cestovali za pr\u00e1cou do okolit\u00fdch i\u00a0vzdialenej\u0161\u00edch statkov. Boli n\u00faten\u00ed i\u00a0nedobrovo\u013ene \u00eds\u0165, cez vojnu, so strachom o\u00a0vlastn\u00fd \u017eivot smerom na Nagysz\u00e9n\u00e1s. Nakoniec v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z\u00a0nich opustila Pitvaro\u0161 vo vlakov\u00fdch transportoch Pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 viac o Doprava na Pitvaro\u0161i<\/span>[…]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2418,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2403","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clanky"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/bicykl.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2403","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2403"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2403\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2427,"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2403\/revisions\/2427"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2418"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2403"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2403"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pitvaros.sk\/sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2403"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}